Cancer treatment has evolved significantly with the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. These modalities offer a personalized approach, aiming to effectively treat cancer with potentially fewer side effects compared to conventional treatments like chemotherapy.

Understanding Targeted Therapy for Oncology

Targeted therapy uses drugs to specifically identify and attack cancer cells with minimal harm to normal cells. These therapies target particular molecular markers associated with cancer, effectively exploiting the cancer’s own biology. This approach includes drugs like hormone therapies and those targeting specific growth factors in cancer cells(1).

The Mechanism of Immunotherapy for Oncology

Immunotherapy strengthens the body’s immune system to fight cancer.

Immunotherapy includes several types of treatments (2) such as:

  1. Monoclonal antibodies that attack a specific part of cancer cells
  2. Cancer vaccines that trigger immune responses
  3. Checkpoint inhibitors that help the immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Comparative Analysis of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

The effectiveness of both therapies varies by cancer type and genetic makeup. Targeted therapies are highly effective in cancers with specific mutations, such as HER2-positive breast cancer treated with Trastuzumab. Meanwhile, immunotherapies have shown success in hard-to-treat cancers like melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer(1,2).

Side Effects and Patient Quality of Life

Both therapies generally offer fewer severe side effects than traditional methods. Targeted therapies might cause specific side effects like skin rash or high blood pressure, while immunotherapies can lead to immune-related complications such as inflammation and autoimmune diseases(2).

The Decision-Making Process in Clinical Settings

Oncologists decide between targeted therapy and immunotherapy based on tumor characteristics, patient health, and treatment goals. The decision involves evaluating potential side effects, patient history, and previous treatment responses.

Choosing between targeted therapy and immunotherapy is guided by each unique cancer case. Advancements in these therapies are refining treatment options and improving patient outcomes, offering new hope for more effective and personalized care.

References:

  1. “National Cancer Institute: Targeted Cancer Therapies.”
  2. “American Cancer Society: What Is Immunotherapy?